分析糖皮质激素联合特布他林治疗慢阻肺急性加重期的临床价值

目的:探讨糖皮质激素联合特布他林对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)急性加重期患者的疗效。方法:选取我院自2018年1月—2019年7月慢阻肺急性加重期患者200例为观察对象,按照随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,各100例。两组均给予常规对症治疗,对照组在此基础上给予特布他林雾化吸入治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予糖皮质激素普米克令舒雾化吸入治疗,对比两组疗效、血清炎症因子、肺功能。结果:观察组总有效率为98.00%(98/100),高于对照组的90.00%(90/100)(P<0.05);治疗后两组IL-8、TNF-α均下降,其中观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组FEV1、FVC、PEF升高,其中观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:糖皮质激素联合特布他林能够减轻慢阻肺急性加重期患者的机体炎症反应,改善肺功能,提高疗效,具有较高应用价值。     

Association Between Nicotine-dependent Gene Polymorphism and Smoking Cessation in Patients With Lung Cancer

BackgroundPatients with lung cancer continue to smoke owing to complex factors. Failure to quit smoking (defined as nicotine dependence) is significantly associated with genetic status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in nicotine dependence genes and smoking status after the diagnosis of lung cancer.Patients and MethodsA total of 240 patients with lung cancer were included from July 2017 to March 2018. According to the actual smoking condition after lung cancer diagnosis, eligible patients were divided into 3 groups: the never-smoking group, the failure to quit smoking group, and the successful smoking cessation group. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence scores were used to evaluate the smoking status of each group. Three nicotine-dependent genes with 6 loci were detected.ResultsAmong the 240 patients, 86 were never-smokers, 51 failed to quit smoking, and 104 successfully quit smoking. The initial age of smoking in the failure to quit smoking group was significantly younger than those in the successful smoking cessation group (P = .001). There was a significant difference in the GG and AG and AA genotype distributions of CHRNA3 (rs578776) among the 3 groups (P = .003). There was also a significant difference in the distribution of CHRNA4 (rs2229959) genotypes among the 3 groups (P = .003). However, there was no significant difference in the genotype distribution of CHRNA5 (rs588765) among the 3 groups (P = .277).ConclusionsGene polymorphisms of CHRNA3 (rs578776) and CHRNA4 (rs1044396 and rs2229959) were associated with the success of smoking cessation after the diagnosis of lung cancer, which should be considered in the management of smoking cessation after patients are diagnosed with lung cancer.     

Harmonization and Standardization of Panel-Based Tumor Mutational Burden Measurement: Real-World Results and Recommendations of the Quality in Pathology Study

IntroductionTumor mutational burden (TMB) is a quantitative assessment of the number of somatic mutations within a tumor genome. Immunotherapy benefit has been associated with TMB assessed by whole-exome sequencing (wesTMB) and gene panel sequencing (psTMB). The initiatives of Quality in Pathology (QuIP) and Friends of Cancer Research have jointly addressed the need for harmonization among TMB testing options in tissues. This QuIP study identifies critical sources of variation in psTMB assessment.MethodsA total of 20 samples from three tumor types (lung adenocarcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and colon adenocarcinoma) with available WES data were analyzed for psTMB using six panels across 15 testing centers. Interlaboratory and interplatform variation, including agreement on variant calling and TMB classification, were investigated. Bridging factors to transform psTMB to wesTMB values were empirically derived. The impact of germline filtering was evaluated.ResultsSixteen samples had low interlaboratory and interpanel psTMB variation, with 87.7% of pairwise comparisons revealing a Spearman’s ρ greater than 0.6. A wesTMB cut point of 199 missense mutations projected to psTMB cut points between 7.8 and 12.6 mutations per megabase pair; the corresponding psTMB and wesTMB classifications agreed in 74.9% of cases. For three-tier classification with cut points of 100 and 300 mutations, agreement was observed in 76.7%, weak misclassification in 21.8%, and strong misclassification in 1.5% of cases. Confounders of psTMB estimation included fixation artifacts, DNA input, sequencing depth, genome coverage, and variant allele frequency cut points.ConclusionsThis study provides real-world evidence that all evaluated panels can be used to estimate TMB in a routine diagnostic setting and identifies important parameters for reliable tissue TMB assessment that require careful control. As complex or composite biomarkers beyond TMB are likely playing an increasing role in therapy prediction, the efforts by QuIP and Friends of Cancer Research also delineate a general framework and blueprint for the evaluation of such assays.     

早期康复治疗对急性脑卒中运动功能的影响

目的对急性脑卒中患者实施早期康复治疗,分析其对患者运动功能的影响。方法对本院2015年1月—2018年6月期间收治的急性脑卒中患者,从中选择50例进行研究。根据病历单双号进行分组,每组各25例。对照组患者接受常规治疗,观察组患者在此基础上应用早期康复治疗。对两组患者的运动功能进行分析和评价。结果对照组治疗前的Fugl-Meyer评分为(17.4±7.4)分,治疗后的评分为(57.9±15.4)分,观察组治疗前的Fugl-Meyer评分为(18.1±7.3)分,治疗后的评分为(71.3±15.2)分。观察组患者与对照组治疗前的Fugl-Meyer评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组治疗后的Fugl-Meyer评分明显高于对照组,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用早期康复治疗对急性脑卒中患者进行治疗,可以明显改善患者的运动功能,具有较高的应用价值。     

止消通脉清热饮治疗冠心病合并糖尿病疗效及对患者心功能和血清孤独G蛋白偶联受体配体-12水平的影响

目的:探讨止消通脉清热饮对冠心病合并糖尿病患者心功能、血糖及血清孤独G蛋白偶联受体配体-12(Apelin-12)水平的影响。方法:选择冠心病合并糖尿病患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组给予辛伐他汀、单硝酸异山梨酯及盐酸二甲双胍治疗,观察组在对照组用药基础上给予止消通脉清热饮治疗。比较两组治疗前后心功能指标(LVEF、CO),血糖指标(FBG、2hPG),血清Apelin-12及BNP因子变化。结果:治疗1、2、4周后,两组中医症状积分下降,观察组更明显(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组LVEF、CO、FBG、2hPG、Apelin-12及BNP比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 治疗后,两组LVEF、CO、Apelin-12均升高,FBG、2hPG、BNP均降低(P<0.05); 观察组治疗后LVEF、CO、Apelin-12均高于对照组,FBG、2hPG、BNP均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后生活质量明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:止消通脉清热饮可显著改善冠心病合并糖尿病患者心功能,降低血糖水平,提高血清Apelin-12浓度。     

补脾益肾方联合温针灸治疗重症肌无力疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨补脾益肾方联合温针灸治疗对重症肌无力(MG)疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法:随机分配84例MG病例为西药组和针药组,每组各42例,西药组给予常规西药治疗,即泼尼松片中剂量冲击,小剂量隔日维持治疗,针药组基于以上用药基础给予补脾益肾方联合温针灸治疗,治疗3个月后,统计两组治疗前后的中医证候积分,评估两组中医证候疗效,对比治疗前后的颈部血管流速、T淋巴细胞亚群水平和血清可溶性白细胞介素6受体水平。结果:治疗后,两组中医证候积分显著降低,针药组的变化幅度大于西药组(P<0.05); 针药组的中医证候总有效率低于西药组(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组颈内动脉(ICA)、颈总动脉(CCA)、颈外动脉(ECA)显著提高(P<0.05),两组T淋巴细胞中CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺亚群所占比和CD₈⁺、CD₄⁺比值显著降低(P<0.05),两组血清slL-6R水平均显著降低(P<0.05),以上指标针药组变化幅度大于西药组(P<0.05)。结论:补脾益肾方联合温针灸治疗能缓解MG患者的中医证候症状,提高疗效,促进其颈部血管循环,纠正患者自身机体免疫功能紊乱。     

Evaluation of anticancer effects of a pharmaceutically viable extract of a traditional polyherbal mixture against non-small-cell lung cancer cells

ObjectiveThe present work tested organic solvents to prepare an extract with anticancer properties from a polyherbal mixture containing Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots) and Smilax glabra (rhizomes). We evaluate anticancer effects in non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H292), and discuss optimization for pharmaceutical use in the context of efficacy, yield and toxicity.MethodsUsing different organic solvents, six extracts were prepared from the polyherbal mixture. Based on the cytotoxic effects of these extracts on NCI-H292 cells and normal lung cells (MRC-5), as evaluated by the sulphorhodamine B assay, the total ethyl acetate (T-EA) extract was selected for further analysis. The possible anticancer mechanisms were assessed by evaluating the extract’s effects on apoptosis (through fluorescent microscopic analysis, DNA fragmentation analysis, caspase 3/7 assay and analysis of expression levels of apoptosis-related genes p53, Bax, survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90), colony formation and antioxidant activity.ResultsThe extract had cytotoxic effects against NCI-H292 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Significant antioxidant activity and inhibition of colony formation were also observed. The expression level of caspase 3/7 significantly (P < 0.001) increased in NCI-H292 cells treated with 50 μg/mL of the extract. The same dosage led to a significant increase in expression levels of Bax and p53 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively), accompanied by a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90.ConclusionT-EA extract of the above polyherbal mixture has cytotoxicity against NCI-H292 cells via induction of apoptosis, antioxidant effects and inhibition of colony formation.     

丹红注射液对急性心肌梗死PCI围手术期心功能和TIMI血流影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价丹红注射液对急性心肌梗死(AMI)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围手术期心功能和心肌梗塞溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流分级的影响。方法:计算机检索CNKI,万方数据库,维普数据库,Pub Med,CBM,Web of Science,The Cochrane Library共7个数据库,全面采集在PCI围手术期应用丹红注射液治疗急性心梗的临床试验,采用Cochrane风险评价表进行文献质量评价,运用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入12个临床试验,包含1131例患者,其中丹红治疗组569例,对照组562例,结果显示在常规治疗的基础上加入丹红注射液治疗,患者的左室射血分数明显增高[均数差(MD)=6.62,95%可信区间(CI)(4.91,8.34),P<0.00001],TIMI分级3级患者明显增多[相对危险度(RR)=0.22,95%CI(0.12,0.41),P<0.00001],脑利钠肽水平明显降低[MD=-151.86,95%CI(-247.00,-56.72),P=0.002]。结论:丹红注射液可以提高急性心梗PCI围手术期心功能和增加TIMI血流的分级。     

生脉养心颗粒对老年人心功能干预的临床观察

目的:通过对生脉养心颗粒的临床观察,探讨生脉养心颗粒治疗老年慢性心力衰竭(Chronic Heart Failure,CHF)患者的治疗效果,并预测其远期临床获益。方法:将120例中医辨证分型为气阴两虚型的老年慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为两组,治疗组60例,对照组60例。对照组给予单纯的常规西药治疗,治疗组在常规西药治疗的基础上加用生脉养心颗粒治疗,两组治疗时间均为24个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,检测用药不同时间(分别于第3、12、24个月末)治疗前后B型脑钠肽(BNP)、左室射血分数(Left Ventricular Ejection Fracfion,LVEF)、6分钟步行试验(6-minute walk Test,6MWT)等疗效指标的变化,并且随访两组患者再入院率与病死率。结果:24个月后治疗组总有效率为86.7%(52/60),优于对照组的68.3%(41/60),两组差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组BNP、LVEF、6MWT较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.01)。组间比较:治疗3、12、24个月后BNP比较,治疗组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)或(P<0.05)。治疗3个月后LVEF比较,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗12、24个月后,治疗组LVEF优于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3、12、24个月后,治疗组6MWT优于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随访2年,治疗组的再入院率和病死率显著低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:生脉养心颗粒能够改善老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及预后,提高其临床疗效,值得在临床推广应用。     

New Fissure-Attached Nodules in Lung Cancer Screening: A Brief Report From The NELSON Study

IntroductionIn incidence lung cancer screening rounds, new pulmonary nodules are regular findings. They have a higher lung cancer probability than baseline nodules. Previous studies have shown that baseline perifissural nodules (PFNs) represent benign lesions. Whether this is also the case for incident PFNs is unknown. This study evaluated newly detected nodules in the Dutch-Belgian randomized-controlled NELSON study with respect to incidence of fissure-attached nodules, their classification, and lung cancer probability.MethodsWithin the NELSON trial, 7557 participants underwent baseline screening between April 2004 and December 2006. Participants with new nodules detected after baseline were included. Nodules were classified based on location and attachment. Fissure-attached nodules were re-evaluated to be classified as typical, atypical, or non-PFN by two radiologists without knowledge of participant lung cancer status.ResultsOne thousand four hundred eighty-four new nodules were detected in 949 participants (77.4% male, median age 59 years [interquartile range: 55–63 years]) in the second, third, and final NELSON screening round. Based on 2-year follow-up or pathology, 1393 nodules (93.8%) were benign. In total, 97 (6.5%) were fissure-attached, including 10 malignant nodules. None of the new fissure-attached malignant nodules was classified as typical or atypical PFN.ConclusionsIn the NELSON study, 6.5% of incident lung nodules were fissure-attached. None of the lung cancers that originated from a new fissure-attached nodule in the incidence lung cancer screening rounds was classified as a typical or atypical PFN. Our results suggest that also in the case of a new PFN, it is highly unlikely that these PFNs will be diagnosed as lung cancer.